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Title:
A Saturated Autocatalytic Model with Phenomenological Thermal Activation: Continuous Dynamics, Diffusion-Driven Patterns, and Discretization Effects
Authors:
Saad Jamhan Aldosari ORCID iD 0009-0002-8140-1449
Muhammad Sajjad Shabbir ORCID iD 0000-0002-7486-2493
Asifa Tassaddiq ORCID iD 0000-0002-6165-8055
Salah Knani ORCID iD 0000-0001-9617-810X
Rizwan Ahmed ORCID iD 0000-0002-4900-0488
Volume
97
Issue
3
Year
2027
Pages
1057-1105
Abstract

We formulate a two-intermediate model for precursor-fed autocatalysis with a bounded phenomenological thermokinetic factor. Positivity, dissipativity, existence of a positive equilibrium, an a priori equilibrium bound, and a conditional uniqueness criterion are established analytically. Generic saddle-node and Hopf conditions are stated with their nondegeneracy hypotheses. Numerical continuation identifies two transversal Hopf points with negative first Lyapunov coefficients under a specified eigenvector normalization. For the reaction-diffusion extension, global positivity and boundedness are established, and an exact finite-domain instability test is obtained by coupling the kinetic Jacobian to the Neumann spectrum. Fully specified grayscale simulations produce noise-selected spots and mode-selected stripe and square-symmetric structures. A positive semi-implicit discretization is then examined as a numerical dynamical system. The scheme preserves non-negative concentrations and equilibria, but the reference fixed point loses Schur stability at \( h_c \approx 0.617496 \), whereas the exact sampled flow remains stable. Step refinement further shows that \( h < h_c \) is not an accuracy condition. Coarse-step periodic and positive-exponent responses are therefore attributed to the numerical map rather than to the planar chemical flow. The analysis separates chemical admissibility, homogeneous stability, spatial-mode stability, numerical fixed-point stability, and trajectory accuracy.