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Title:
Maximum Euler Sombor Index of Unicyclic Graphs with Given Diameter
Authors:
Sneha Sekar
Selvaraj Balachandran
Suresh Elumalai ORCID iD 0000-0001-7935-1644
Hechao Liu ORCID iD 0000-0001-7606-4842
Volume
95
Issue
3
Year
2026
Pages
759-776
Abstract

The Euler Sombor (\( EU \)) index of a graph \( G \) is defined as \[ EU(\mathit{G})=\sum \limits_{{\mathit{x}}{\mathit{y}}\in E(\mathit{G})}\sqrt{d_G^2(x)+d_G^2(y)+d_G(x)d_G(y)}, \] where \( d_G(x) \) and \( d_G(y) \) denote the degrees of vertex \( x \) and \( y \) in \( G \), respectively. Biswaranjan Khanra, Shibsankar Das [Euler Sombor index of trees, unicyclic and chemical graphs, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 94 (2025) 525-548], posed an open problem about determining the extremal values and extremal graphs for the Euler Sombor index among all connected graphs with a given diameter. In this paper, we solve this problem for maximum Euler Sombor index of unicyclic graphs with given diameter. Additionally, we propose a set of open problems for future research.